Breast X-rays, or mammograms, can detect
small growths and abnormalities that are difficult or impossible to feel by hand. The
technique makes use of X-rays. Tumours as small as 0.5 cm (0.2 inches) can be detected
before they metastasize (begin to disperse cancer cells throughout the rest of the body).
Early mammogram detection increases the five-year survival rate to 82%, compared with 60%
for women whose lumps were not detected by mammograms. Experts agree that regular
mammograms mostly benefit women over 50 years of age. Also all women over this age should
have a mammography done at least one in two years time.
What is the process of
mammography?
Each breast is placed on a small
examination plate and gently compressed. This flattens the breast so that as much as
possible breast tissue can be X-rayed. The process can be a little uncomfortable, but it
is necessary for accurate results. Approximately 2 X-rays, of each breast, are taken.
What are the limitations of
mammography?
Mammography for younger women is a
little controversial. There is no conclusive evidence that mammography improves survival
in this population group. Most studies have failed to show any benefits, while those that
have, were either too limited, or designed in a way that made their results unreliable.
Proponents of mammography in younger women rely largely on the assumption that such
screening should be beneficial. Yet younger women's breasts are denser than older women's
are, and some doctors note that this may be one reason mammography is proving less
effective in younger women.
